Learning – Friends of St James Park Toronto https://friendsofstjamesparkto.com Sat, 24 Jan 2026 05:49:19 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.6.5 https://friendsofstjamesparkto.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/cropped-FSJP_logo_web_horz_colour-1-32x32.jpg Learning – Friends of St James Park Toronto https://friendsofstjamesparkto.com 32 32 Plant of the Week: Plants featured summer 2022 https://friendsofstjamesparkto.com/plant-of-the-week-summer-2022-featured-plants/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=plant-of-the-week-summer-2022-featured-plants Wed, 24 Aug 2022 18:19:34 +0000 http://friendsofstjamesparkto.com/?p=2318

You may have seen our Plant of the Week posts this summer if you follow our social media (Twitter, Facebook and Instagram). In case you missed it, we have compiled the posts here. Every Monday for eight weeks in July and August we featured a perennial plant that grows in one of the park’s gardens. We focused on the newest gardens: the east and west oval and triangle gardens, since many of these plants are new additions to park.

Butterfly Weed: The most famous member of the native milkweed family, it is a magnet for butterflies. Long-lasting clusters of small, orange flowers are crowned with a yellow, sun-kissed “corona” and bloom from June through August/September. Butterfly Weed is an important nectar source for Monarch butterflies and its leaves provide essential food for developing Monarch caterpillars – but expect to see a variety of pollinators making use of this plant. You can find this plant in St. James Park in the west oval garden, east of the cherub statue.

Russian Sage: This easy to grow plant grows best in warm climates and needs full sun to produce lots of flowers and sturdy stems, which are less likely to flop over as they grow taller and makes them a perfect backdrop for the benches in the park’s plaza. Russian Sage is often mistaken for lavender when in bloom and has a unique fragrance that is believed to help keep mosquitoes away.

Coral Bells: Heuchera micrantha ‘Palace Purple’ is commonly known as Coral Bells. Located in the garden’s east oval, it does well in the shade under the tree. This popular perennial grows in a foot high rounded clump of deep green or purple maple-shaped leaves with beet-red colouring on the underside of the leaf. It flowers in late spring to early summer when clusters of tiny, pinkish white, bell-shaped flowers bloom on long, slender stems that extend up to 20 inches above the mound of foliage.

Silver Heart: It earned its name from its heart shaped leaves and almost-metallic colouring with pronounced green veins. In the spring, small blue flowers that resemble Forget-me-nots appear. It grows 6-12 inches tall and is a forgiving plant, happy to grow in garden beds, pots, full shade and full sun. You can find this plant in the east oval garden.

Wild Bergamot or Wild Bee Balm: Native to most of North America, it is a popular plant for pollinator gardens. It is called Bee Balm because bees are known to feed on this plant to heal when they are sick. Butterflies and hummingbirds are also partial to the ragged lilac blooms. The leaves smell minty and can be used to make mint tea. There is a rather large clump of this plant—they grow 2-4’ in height—in the west oval and east triangle gardens.

Gay Feather or Blazing Star:. It is easy recognized by its vertical fluffy flowers that grow along its stem in purple, pink, lavender or white. They can grow between two and three feet tall. These nectar-rich flowers can attract butterflies and other pollinators. They love sunlight but are otherwise low-maintenance and non-toxic to animals. These plants start growing in late July and can flower through August and September. You can find them in the west oval garden.

Yarrow: This plant has many intriguing names: gordaldo, poor man’s pepper, nosebleed plant, and soldier’s woundwort, or plumajillo, Spanish for “little feather” due to the feathery shape its leaves. Yarrow bears an umbrella-like canopy of clustered blooms that bloom almost all summer long and come in several colours, white, pink, and yellow, like the ones found in the west oval and east triangle garden.

Golden Dead Nettle: It is a great shade ground cover and its foliage brightens up shady areas even when not in bloom, making it good for the tricky conditions in the east oval garden. This is not a well behaved plant! Their stems root where they touch the soil, eventually forming a fast spreading mat. Called dead nettle because its leaves resemble stinging nettles with no ability to sting.

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Getting to know the world’s most misunderstood bird https://friendsofstjamesparkto.com/getting-to-know-the-worlds-most-misunderstood-bird/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=getting-to-know-the-worlds-most-misunderstood-bird Tue, 18 Apr 2000 23:48:32 +0000 https://friendsofstjamesparkto.com/?p=2680

The book A Pocket Guide to Pigeon Watching by Rosemary Mosco is designed to change how you think about pigeons. Whether you love them, hate them, or are just plain ambivalent about pigeons, “getting to know the world’s most misunderstood bird” (the subtitle of the book) might turn you into a bird watcher—the next time you find yourself sitting on a bench next to the fountain in St. James Park.

What we know as the pigeon is one of many species in a big pigeon family that comes in all sorts of breeds and colours.

Pigeons were originally domesticated for their meat in a region of the Middle East known as Fertile Crescent. On this continent, they were also an abundant source of nourishment for The Seneca people, and they named them jah’gowa, or “big bread”. Pigeons were then bred to serve all sorts of purposes.

They became a symbol of wealth; only aristocrats were allowed to own them. Royals from France to Iran to India became pigeon obsessed, building elaborate nesting homes, called dovecotes, for their flocks.

(Left) a dovecote in at Najafabad, Iran (photo by Mehdi Kazemi) and (Right) a Tudor Dovecote, near Willington, Bedfordshire, UK, built around 1543 that can house up to 1500 pigeons (photo by Michael Trolove).

No one clearly knows how pigeons can navigate their way back home. They can fly up to 966 kilometres carrying a message, but they can only go in one direction—back home to where they roost. Because of this ability, pigeons have been used throughout the centuries for military purposes. The Romans relied on pigeons to carry messages about war intelligence and in the 12th century, Genghis Khan set up a network of pigeons to send communications across Asia and eastern Europe. They were also used in the two world wars. The most famous WW1 pigeon was Cher Ami. In 1918 when US soldiers were surrounded by the enemy and came under friendly fire, Cher Ami, despite being shot in the breast, was able to take a message back to headquarters asking the barrage to be stopped.

In modern times however, the usefulness and the love of the pigeon has declined. Most expressions that include the word pigeon, like pigeon-holed, are derogatory.  In 1966, the New York Parks Commissioner called them, “a rat with wings” and the phrase went global in 1980 when Woody Allen used it in a movie.

Who would call this a “rat with wings”—she’s a beauty!

If the history of the bird doesn’t entice you, maybe some of their pretty amazing physical features might. Consider the pigeon’s iridescent neck feathers. There is no green or purple pigment in any of their feathers! Instead, the hue comes from a special layer of the feather that reflects light. Each neck feather is capable of shining both purple and green with the colour depending on the angle from which it is viewed.

Pigeons have three eyelids, one on the top and bottom, like us, and a third one that closes horizontally. The third lid is called a nictitating membrane that protects the eyelid and keeps it clean. Did you know that we humans used to have a nictitating membrane? The little pink fold in the corner of your own eye is a vestige of it.

Sometimes you see a very dusty pigeon that looks like it’s taken a bath in a dried-up puddle. In fact, the bird itself sheds this “dust”, which is a carotene particle that protects its feathers, keeping them smooth and flexible.

There are a couple of behaviours that you will notice displayed by the pigeons in the park. Pigeons can get sick if they overheat, so they often pant with their beak open and hold their wings away from their body to cool down.

The abundant head bopping is an illusion. The pigeon has a long flexible neck and “the most efficient way to keep tabs on its environment is to shoot its head forward, at lightning speed, fix its gaze on something, and keeps its head locked in place while its body catches up.” Check it out the next time you see the head bop.

Do you sometimes feel like you are being watched? Well, when a pigeon sleeps, half of its brain sleeps while the other half remains partially awake, and they keep the eye on the alert side opened to look around!

Pigeons are so ubiquitous, they have been integrated into our language and culture. Consider just a few of the terms like pigeonholed orstool pigeon, and pigeon English. Pigeons are often used in film. Home Alone 2 used up to two hundred trained pigeons as “extras” in its climatic scene. Recently, the Netflix series, The Gentleman, incorporated homing pigeons into their story line.

The next occasion you find yourself watching the pigeons in the park, see if you can spot some of these behaviours.


The book has so much more fascinating information about pigeons.
Rosemary Mosco interview by CBC’s The Current
Adam Bunch’s article on the history of pigeons in Toronto

Thanks to FSJP organizing committee members Victoria Lidia Ilgacs and Stephen Maciejowski for supplying photo

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